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<adc:VO_Catalog_ADC xmlns:adc="http://adc.astro.umd.edu/dataset_054" xmlns:au="http://adc.astro.umd.edu/Units" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cat="http://www.ivoa.net/Catalog" xmlns:cha="http://www.ivoa.net/Characterization" xmlns:col="http://www.ivoa.net/Collection" xmlns:stc="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/STC/stc-v1.20" xmlns:r="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/STC/STCregion/v1.20" xmlns:crd="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/STC/STCcoords/v1.20" xmlns:h="http://www.ivoa.net/Provenance" xmlns:p="http://www.ivoa.net/Publications" xmlns:ppl="http://www.ivoa.net/People" xmlns:ucd="http://www.ivoa.net/UCD1+" xmlns:u="http://www.ivoa.net/Units" xmlns:q="http://www.ivoa.net/Quantity" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" cid="adc_1242" name="The Pulkovo PVC96 catalogue: the first version of catalogue of FK5 stellar declinations observed in 1987-1994 with the Photographic vertical circle." xsi:schemaLocation="http://adc.astro.umd.edu/dataset_054 dataset_054.xsd">
  <dc:identifier>1242</dc:identifier>
  <h:provenance provenanceId="history_1242">
    <h:creation>
      <h:creator>
        <ppl:person>
          <ppl:firstName>George</ppl:firstName>
          <ppl:lastName>Gontcharov</ppl:lastName>
          <ppl:institution>
            <ppl:name>Pulkovo Obs</ppl:name>
          </ppl:institution>
        </ppl:person>
      </h:creator>
      <h:creator>
        <ppl:person>
          <ppl:firstName>Francois</ppl:firstName>
          <ppl:lastName>Ochsenbein</ppl:lastName>
          <ppl:institution>
            <ppl:name>CDS</ppl:name>
          </ppl:institution>
        </ppl:person>
      </h:creator>
      <stc:date>1996-10-07</stc:date>
      <h:acknowledgement>We dedicate the catalogue to the memory of Dr. Bronislav K. Bagildinsky. During more than 30 years he provided important guidance in all works with the Pulkovo photographic vertical circle. On September 26th of this year Dr. Bagildinsky died. He was 67. His scientific contributions, enthusiasm for astrometry, and, most of all, his friendship will be exceedingly missed. The authors thank all astronomers from the Pulkovo observatory who took part in this research: Dr. V.A.Naumov, E.N.Bystrov, M.S.Chubey, Dr. A.V.Devyatkin, Dr. I.S.Guseva, O.M.Mikhailova, Dr. N.R.Persiyaninova, Z.A.Razvorotneva, B.N.Smirnov, E.N.Titova and others, with special thanks to Dr. Anna Andronova for discussion of software and mathematical methods. G.A.G. is grateful to the American Astronomical Society for financial support. The calculations are performed with two computers provided by the Russian foundation of fundamental investigations (grant # 93-02-3056).</h:acknowledgement>
    </h:creation>
    <h:revisions>
      <h:revision>
        <h:revisor>
          <ppl:team>
            <ppl:name>ADC staff</ppl:name>
            <ppl:institution>
              <ppl:name>ADC</ppl:name>
              <ppl:address>
                <ppl:street>Code 630, Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA</ppl:street>
                <ppl:postcode>20771</ppl:postcode>
                <ppl:city>Greenbelt</ppl:city>
                <ppl:state>Maryland</ppl:state>
                <ppl:country>United States of America</ppl:country>
              </ppl:address>
            </ppl:institution>
          </ppl:team>
          <p:note><![CDATA[Revision using version 1.36 of ADC's legacy conversion pipeline]]></p:note>
        </h:revisor>
        <stc:date>2002-02-19</stc:date>
        <p:note><![CDATA[XML generated from CDS/ADC ReadMe document and associated data files using txt2ML Rules Set: 1.56]]></p:note>
      </h:revision>
      <h:revision>
        <h:revisor>
          <ppl:team>
            <ppl:name>UMd-ADC staff</ppl:name>
            <ppl:institution>
              <ppl:name>UMd Astronomical Data Center</ppl:name>
              <ppl:address>
                <ppl:street>Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland</ppl:street>
                <ppl:postcode>20742</ppl:postcode>
                <ppl:city>College Park</ppl:city>
                <ppl:state>Maryland</ppl:state>
                <ppl:country>United States of America</ppl:country>
              </ppl:address>
              <ppl:email>thomas@astro.umd.edu</ppl:email>
              <ppl:url>http://archive.astro.umd.edu/archive</ppl:url>
            </ppl:institution>
          </ppl:team>
          <p:note><![CDATA[Revision using version 0.16 of the quantity/dataset transform pipeline.]]></p:note>
        </h:revisor>
        <stc:date>2005-09-30T05:03:38-04:00</stc:date>
        <p:note><![CDATA[This version of the document has unverified coordinate system information. Use at your ownrisk!]]></p:note>
      </h:revision>
    </h:revisions>
  </h:provenance>
  <p:references referencesId="ref_1242">
    <p:reference referenceId="srf1" type="source">
      <dc:title>The Pulkovo PVC96 catalogue: the first version of catalogue of FK5 stellar declinations observed in 1987-1994 with the Photographic vertical circle.</dc:title>
      <p:abstract/>
      <p:description>
        <p:para type="section"><![CDATA[General Description]]></p:para>
        <p:para><![CDATA[
    The Pulkovo photographic vertical circle catalogue, the first version,
    PVC96, gives accurate declinations of 760 stars from the FK5 and FK5
    Extension north of declination -15deg.]]></p:para>
        <p:para><![CDATA[    In 1987-1995 the Photographic vertical circle of the Pulkovo
    observatory (PVC) carried out programme of observations of
    declinations of Mars, Jupiter and FK5 stars. Stars with declination
    higher than 45 deg were observed at both culminations.
    8250 observations of 1345 stars and 49 ones of 2 planets have been
    treated and used to establish an instrumental coordinate frame conform
    to the DE200. The first version of the catalogue, PVC96, has been
    constructed on the basis of 6821 observations of 760 stars with at
    least 4 observations at upper culmination. For the stars with
    declination higher than 70 deg the observations at both culminations
    were used in the catalogue, for the rest of the stars only
    observations at upper culmination were used. The mean observational
    epoch is 1991.5. The internal mean error of one observation at zenith
    is 0.14 arcsec. The declinations of the stars are obtained with mean
    precision of 0.07 arcsec.]]></p:para>
        <p:para><![CDATA[    The classical method of observations with vertical circle was used.
    Each meridian transit observation includes two exposures of 40
    seconds each separated by a reversal of the entire instrument taking
    about one minute. During the period of the observations the PVC had a
    photographic-photoelectric micrometer including a photographic camera
    at the eyepiece end of the tube, and a special visual-photoelectric
    measuring machine. Readings of two divided vertical circles of glass
    were registered by photoelectric microscopes. A tilt of the instrument
    with respect to the vertical line was measured by two bubble levels.]]></p:para>
        <p:para><![CDATA[    All the measuring devices of the PVC were calibrated and investigated
    externally (i.e., independently of observations). The flexure of the
    tube investigated at various zenith distances proves to be a function
    of zenith distance and temperature.]]></p:para>
        <p:para><![CDATA[    The meteorological equipment was calibrated and the temperature,
    pressure and humidity were read to take refraction into account with a
    precision of 0.02 arcsec using the Pulkovo Tables, 5th edition. Since
    narrow red filters were used in the observations, the chromatic
    refraction was taken from the Pulkovo Tables also.]]></p:para>
        <p:para><![CDATA[    All systematic errors (i.e., those depending on zenith distance) have
    been evaluated and taken into account with a precision at the level
    of 0.05 arcsec. Therefore the asymptotic accuracy of the observed
    declination after many observations has been evaluated as a function
    of zenith distance. Combining this asymptotic accuracy with formal
    precision of the obtained declination we evaluated the accuracy for
    every catalogue declination.]]></p:para>
        <p:para><![CDATA[    The result of the stellar observations is an independent instrumental
    coordinate frame. Using the planetary observations this instrumental
    frame is rotated to conform to the DE200 ephemerides which are
    generally accepted as the best current conventional dynamical frame.
    It is done by solving for a correction to the equator zero-point
    derived from the observations of the planets made in the instrumental
    frame. The corrections to equator are:
    "instrumental frame minus FK5" (from stellar observations)
        = +0.014 +/-0.02 arcsec,
    "instrumental frame minus DE200" (from planetary observations)
        = -0.046 +/-0.03 arcsec,
    "catalogue PVC96 minus FK5" = +0.060 +/-0.04 arcsec.]]></p:para>
      </p:description>
      <p:author>
        <ppl:person>
          <ppl:initial>A</ppl:initial>
          <ppl:initial>G</ppl:initial>
          <ppl:lastName>Gontcharov</ppl:lastName>
        </ppl:person>
      </p:author>
      <p:author>
        <ppl:person>
          <ppl:initial>B</ppl:initial>
          <ppl:initial>K</ppl:initial>
          <ppl:lastName>Bagildinsky</ppl:lastName>
        </ppl:person>
      </p:author>
      <p:author>
        <ppl:person>
          <ppl:initial>E</ppl:initial>
          <ppl:initial>V</ppl:initial>
          <ppl:lastName>Kornilov</ppl:lastName>
        </ppl:person>
      </p:author>
      <p:author>
        <ppl:person>
          <ppl:initial>D</ppl:initial>
          <ppl:initial>D</ppl:initial>
          <ppl:lastName>Polojentsev</ppl:lastName>
        </ppl:person>
      </p:author>
      <p:author>
        <ppl:person>
          <ppl:initial>V</ppl:initial>
          <ppl:initial>D</ppl:initial>
          <ppl:lastName>Shkutov</ppl:lastName>
        </ppl:person>
      </p:author>
      <p:other>
        <p:name>Bull. Inf. CDS 49 in press</p:name>
        <stc:date>1997-??-??</stc:date>
        <p:bibcode>1997BICDS..49press.</p:bibcode>
      </p:other>
    </p:reference>
    <adc:reference referenceId="seeAlso_1_1" type="seeAlso">
      <dc:title>Fifth Fundamental Catalogue (FK5) Part I (Fricke+, 1988)</dc:title>
      <p:author>
        <ppl:person>
          <ppl:lastName>Fricke</ppl:lastName>
        </ppl:person>
      </p:author>
      <ppl:et_al/>
      <adc:holding role="similar">I/149: Fifth Fundamental Catalogue (FK5) Part I (Fricke+, 1988)<adc:altname namespace="http://adc.astro.umd.edu">1149</adc:altname>
</adc:holding>
    </adc:reference>
    <adc:reference referenceId="seeAlso_1_2" type="seeAlso">
      <dc:title>Fifth Fundamental Catalogue (FK5) - Extension (Fricke+ 1991)</dc:title>
      <p:author>
        <ppl:person>
          <ppl:lastName>Fricke</ppl:lastName>
        </ppl:person>
      </p:author>
      <ppl:et_al/>
      <adc:holding role="similar">I/175: Fifth Fundamental Catalogue (FK5) - Extension (Fricke+ 1991)<adc:altname namespace="http://adc.astro.umd.edu">1175</adc:altname>
</adc:holding>
    </adc:reference>
  </p:references>
  <adc:data>
    <cat:VOCatalog cid="adc_cat_pvc96" name="pvc96" description="The catalog">
      <dc:identifier>1242_pvc96</dc:identifier>
      <h:refProvenance provenanceIdRef="history_1242"/>
      <p:refReferences referencesIdRef="ref_1242"/>
      <cat:data>
        <col:object xlink:href="AstroObject.xsd" xml:base="http://www.ivoa.net/DataModels/" qid="obj_pvc96" numberOfObjects="760">
          <q:fileResource rid="res_pvc96">
            <q:recordOrder qidRefs="pvc96_FK5 pvc96_HIC pvc96_Nobs pvc96_Ep-1900 pvc96_DEdeg pvc96_PVC96-FK5 pvc96_fpDEdeg pvc96_e_DEdeg pvc96_RAh"/>
            <q:fixedWidth>
              <q:repeat count="8">
                <q:read/>
                <q:skip>
                  <q:chars value="  "/>
                </q:skip>
              </q:repeat>
              <q:read/>
              <q:skip>
                <q:newLine/>
              </q:skip>
            </q:fixedWidth>
            <q:external xlink:href="1242_pvc96.dat"/>
          </q:fileResource>
          <col:property name="FK5" description="Number from FK5" qid="pvc96_FK5">
            <cha:limits>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="pvc96_FK5"/>
              <cha:min>1</cha:min>
              <cha:max>3967</cha:max>
            </cha:limits>
            <q:axes>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="obj_pvc96"/>
            </q:axes>
            <u:unitless/>
            <q:integer noDataValue="-999" width="4" type="decimal"/>
            <q:values fromResource="res_pvc96"/>
          </col:property>
          <col:property name="HIC" description="Number from Hipparcos Input Catalogue &lt;I/196&gt;" qid="pvc96_HIC">
            <cha:limits>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="pvc96_HIC"/>
              <cha:min>154</cha:min>
              <cha:max>118268</cha:max>
            </cha:limits>
            <q:axes>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="obj_pvc96"/>
            </q:axes>
            <u:unitless/>
            <q:integer noDataValue="-99999" width="6" type="decimal"/>
            <q:values fromResource="res_pvc96"/>
          </col:property>
          <col:property name="Nobs" description="Number of observations" qid="pvc96_Nobs">
            <cha:limits>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="pvc96_Nobs"/>
              <cha:min>4</cha:min>
              <cha:max>30</cha:max>
            </cha:limits>
            <q:axes>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="obj_pvc96"/>
            </q:axes>
            <u:unitless/>
            <q:integer noDataValue="-9" width="2" type="decimal"/>
            <q:values fromResource="res_pvc96"/>
          </col:property>
          <col:property name="Ep-1900" description="Mean epoch of observation (years), offset 1900" qid="pvc96_Ep-1900">
            <cha:limits>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="pvc96_Ep-1900"/>
              <cha:min>88.38</cha:min>
              <cha:max>93.63</cha:max>
            </cha:limits>
            <q:axes>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="obj_pvc96"/>
            </q:axes>
            <au:units name="yr">
              <au:unit>yr</au:unit>
            </au:units>
            <q:float noDataValue="-9.99" precision="2" width="5"/>
            <q:values fromResource="res_pvc96"/>
          </col:property>
          <col:property name="DEdeg" description="Declination (degrees), equinox=J2000, epoch of observation" qid="pvc96_DEdeg">
            <cha:limits>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="pvc96_DEdeg"/>
              <cha:min>-16.041615</cha:min>
              <cha:max>89.264058</cha:max>
            </cha:limits>
            <ucd:ucd>DEdeg</ucd:ucd>
            <stc:AstroCoordSystem qid="coords_pvc96_DEdeg_1242">
              <stc:TimeFrame>
                <stc:TimeScale>LST</stc:TimeScale>
                <stc:GEOCENTER/>
              </stc:TimeFrame>
              <stc:SpaceFrame>
                <stc:FK5>
                  <stc:Equinox type="Julian">
                    <stc:units>yr</stc:units>
                    <q:float width="5" precision="0"/>
                    <stc:value>2000.</stc:value>
                  </stc:Equinox>
                </stc:FK5>
                <stc:BARYCENTER/>
                <stc:SPHERICAL>
                  <stc:coord_naxes>3</stc:coord_naxes>
                  <stc:coord_vel>false</stc:coord_vel>
                </stc:SPHERICAL>
              </stc:SpaceFrame>
            </stc:AstroCoordSystem>
            <q:axes>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="obj_pvc96"/>
            </q:axes>
            <au:units name="deg">
              <au:unit>deg</au:unit>
            </au:units>
            <q:float noDataValue="-99.999999" precision="6" width="10"/>
            <q:values fromResource="res_pvc96"/>
          </col:property>
          <col:property name="PVC96-FK5" description="Difference between observed and FK5 declination (hundredths of arcseconds), equinox=J2000, epoch of observation" qid="pvc96_PVC96-FK5">
            <cha:limits>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="pvc96_PVC96-FK5"/>
              <cha:min>-46</cha:min>
              <cha:max>41</cha:max>
            </cha:limits>
            <q:axes>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="obj_pvc96"/>
            </q:axes>
            <au:units name="10mas" factor="10">
              <au:unit>mas</au:unit>
            </au:units>
            <q:integer noDataValue="-99" width="3" type="decimal"/>
            <q:values fromResource="res_pvc96"/>
          </col:property>
          <col:property name="fpDEdeg" description="Formal precision of declination (hundredths of arcseconds)" qid="pvc96_fpDEdeg">
            <cha:limits>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="pvc96_fpDEdeg"/>
              <cha:min>1</cha:min>
              <cha:max>20</cha:max>
            </cha:limits>
            <stc:CoordSystemRef qidRef="coords_pvc96_DEdeg_1242"/>
            <q:axes>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="obj_pvc96"/>
            </q:axes>
            <au:units name="10mas" factor="10">
              <au:unit>mas</au:unit>
            </au:units>
            <q:integer noDataValue="-9" width="2" type="decimal"/>
            <q:values fromResource="res_pvc96"/>
          </col:property>
          <col:property name="e_DEdeg" description="Evaluated accuracy of declination (hundredths of arcseconds)" qid="pvc96_e_DEdeg">
            <cha:limits>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="pvc96_e_DEdeg"/>
              <cha:min>3</cha:min>
              <cha:max>22</cha:max>
            </cha:limits>
            <q:axes>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="obj_pvc96"/>
            </q:axes>
            <au:units name="10mas" factor="10">
              <au:unit>mas</au:unit>
            </au:units>
            <q:integer noDataValue="-9" width="2" type="decimal"/>
            <q:values fromResource="res_pvc96"/>
          </col:property>
          <col:property name="RAh" description="Right ascension from FK5 (hours), equinox=J2000, equator=J2000" qid="pvc96_RAh">
            <cha:limits>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="pvc96_RAh"/>
              <cha:min>0.0326753</cha:min>
              <cha:max>23.9885283</cha:max>
            </cha:limits>
            <ucd:ucd>RAh</ucd:ucd>
            <stc:CoordSystemRef qidRef="coords_pvc96_DEdeg_1242"/>
            <q:axes>
              <q:refQuantity qidRef="obj_pvc96"/>
            </q:axes>
            <au:units name="h">
              <au:unit>h</au:unit>
            </au:units>
            <q:float noDataValue="-9.9999999" precision="7" width="10"/>
            <q:values fromResource="res_pvc96"/>
          </col:property>
        </col:object>
      </cat:data>
    </cat:VOCatalog>
  </adc:data>
</adc:VO_Catalog_ADC>
